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Prescribed Focus Areas Big Idea Seaching for a better model The birth of Quantum Physics • • • • • Nuclear Physics • • • Real world applications • • Nature History History Nature Implications for society and environment Applications and uses History Applications and uses Current issues, R&D Implications for society and environment PFA’s Physics 9.8 Option – From Quanta to Quarks 19/07/2008 Big Idea: 1. Searching for a better model Statement: Problems with the Rutherford model of the atom led to the search for a model that would better explain the observed phenomena Student activity Investigate the H Spectrum (R1) • Involving knowledge of Structure of the Rutherford model (L1) Significance of H spectrum in development of Bohr’s model (L2) Bohr’s Postulates (L3) Plank’s quantised energy (L4) Development of mathematical model (L5) • Illustrate Bohr’s explanation of the Balmer series (R2) • • Use Bohr’s equation (R3) • Look at difficulties with the Rutherford-Bohr model (R4) • Limitations of Bohr’s model (L6) Physics 9.8 Option – From Quanta to Quarks 19/07/2008 Big Idea: 2. The birth of Quantum Physics Statement: The limitations of classical physics gave birth to quantum physics. Student activity • Solve problems and analyse information using de broglie’s wave equation (R1) • Involving knowledge of de Broglie’s wave-particle duality (L1) Davisson and Germer’s confirmation of de Broglie’s proposal (L3) De Broglie’s explanation for the stability of electron orbits in Bohr’s atom (L4) Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle Pauli’s spin • Investigate Heisenberg, Pauli contribution to atomic theory (R2) • • Do Electron diffraction and Taylors experiement • Interference occurs between diffracted waves (L2) Physics 9.8 Option – From Quanta to Quarks 19/07/2008 Big Idea: 3. Nuclear Physics Statement: The work of Chadwick and Fermi in producing artificial transmutations led to practical applications of nuclear physics Student activity • • Observe radiation using a cloud chamber or similar device (R1) Involving knowledge of Components of the nucleus (L1) Chadwick’s discovery of neutron, importance of conservation laws (L2) Contributions of electrostatic and gravitational forces between nucleons (L7) Need for the strong force (L8) What is transmutation (L3) Transmutations due to natural radioactivity (L4) Need for a neutrino, Pauli’s prediction (L6) Mass defect, Eintsein’s equivalence principle (L9) Fermi’s observation of fission (L5) Fermi’s demonstration of controlled chain reaction (L10) Requirments for controlled and uncontrolled chain reactions (L11) • • • • • Do mass defect and energy calculations for transmutation and fission reactions (R2) • • • • Physics 9.8 Option – From Quanta to Quarks 19/07/2008 Big Idea: 4. Real World Applications Statement: An understanding of the nucleus has led to large science projects and many applications Student activity Assess the significance of the Manhattan project (R1) • Involving knowledge of Basic principles of fission reactor (L1) Look at isotope use in medicine, agriculture & engineering (R2) • Medical and industrial application of isotopes (L2) Standard model (L5) Particle accelerators to investigate the structure of matter (L4) Neutron scattering as a probe (L3) Paul’s helium microscope String theory Nanotechnology • • • • • • Physics 9.8 Option – From Quanta to Quarks 19/07/2008