science education teaching

Physics Program DRAFT World Communicates – Overview Module: World Communicates Year: Preliminary Context: Information Transfer Preliminary Topic 2 PFA: Nature & Practice (P2), Applications & Uses (P3), Current Issues & Research (P5) Knowledge: Energy (P7), Waves (P8), Fields (P9), Matter (P10) Skills: Values: P16 World Communicates – Assumed Knowledge Preliminary Topic 2 • 5.6.1a identify waves as carriers of energy • 5.6.1b qualitatively describe features of waves includes frequency, wavelength and speed. • 5.6.1c give examples of different types of radiation that make up the electromagnetic spectrum and identify some of their uses. • 5.6.4a distinguish between the absorption, reflection, refraction and scattering of light and identify everyday situations where each occurs. RL, CH 16/07/2008 Physics Program DRAFT • 5.9.1b identify that some types of electromagnetic radiation are used to provide information about the universe. • 5.12c describe some everyday uses and effects of electromagnetic radiation, including applications in communication technology. RL, CH 16/07/2008 Physics Program DRAFT World Communicates – Concept Map Preliminary Topic 2 Prior Knowledge • Basic features of waves Waves as carriers of energy Some types, everyday uses, effects and communication applications of electromagnetic radiation • • The nature of communication and waves Properties and behavior of waves Mechanical waves (sound) Electromagnetic waves (light) Communication Technologies RL, CH 16/07/2008 Physics Program DRAFT World Communicates – Outcomes Preliminary Topic 2 Focus Point 1 The wave model can be used to explain how current technologies transfer information • Describe the energy transformations required in one of the following: o Mobile telephone o Fax/modem o Radio and television • Perform a first-hand investigation to observe and gather information about the transmission of waves in: o Slinky springs o Water surfaces o Ropes • • or use appropriate computer simulations Describe waves as a transfer of energy disturbance that may occur in one, two or three dimensions, depending on the nature of the wave and the medium Identify that mechanical waves require a medium for propagation while electromagnetic waves do not Define and apply the following terms to the wave model: medium, displacement, amplitude, period, compression, rarefaction, crest, trough, transverse waves, longitudinal waves, frequency, wavelength, velocity Present diagrammatic information about transverse and longitudinal waves, direction of particle movement and the direction of propagation Perform a first-hand investigation to gather information about the frequency and amplitude of 16/07/2008 Theory 1.1 Prac 1 Theory 1.2 Theory 1.3 • • Theory 1.4 • Prac 2 Prac 3 • • RL, CH Physics Program DRAFT waves using an oscilloscope or electronic datalogging equipment Prac 4 • • Present and analyse information from displacementtime graphs for transverse wave motion Describe the relationship between particle motion and the direction of energy propagation in transverse and longitudinal waves Plan, choose equipment for and perform a first-hand investigation to gather information to identify the relationship between the frequency and wavelength of a sound wave travelling at a constant velocity Quantify the relationship between velocity, frequency and wavelength for a wave: v = fλ • Prac 6 • Solve problems and analyse information by applying the mathematical model of v = fλ to a range of situations Theory 1.5 • Prac 5 • Theory 1.6 Focus Point 2 Features of a wave model can be used to account for the properties of sound • • Identify that sound waves are vibrations or oscillations of particles in a medium Perform a first-hand investigation and gather information to analyse sound waves from a variety of sources using the Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO) or an alternate computer technology Relate compressions and rarefactions of sound waves to the crests and troughs of transverse waves used to represent them Explain qualitatively that pitch is related to frequency and volume to amplitude of sound waves Explain an echo as a reflection of a sound wave Theory 2.1 Prac 7 Theory 2.2 • Theory 2.3 Theory 2.4 • • RL, CH 16/07/2008 Physics Program DRAFT Theory 2.5 • • Describe the principle of superposition and compare the resulting waves to the original waves in sound Perform a first-hand investigation, gather, process and present information using a CRO or computer to demonstrate the principle of superposition for two waves travelling in the same medium Present graphical information, solve problems and analyse information involving superposition of sound waves Prac 8 Prac 9 • Focus Point 3 Recent technological developments have allowed greater use of the electromagnetic spectrum • Describe electromagnetic waves in terms of their speed in space and their lack of requirement of a medium for propagation Identify the electromagnetic wavebands filtered out by the atmosphere, especially UV, X-rays and gamma rays Analyse information to identify the waves involved in the transfer of energy that occurs during the use of one of the following: o Mobile phone o Television o Radar Theory 3.1 Theory 3.2 • • Prac 10 Theory 3.3 • • Identify methods for the detection of various wavebands in the electromagnetic spectrum Explain that the relationship between the intensity of electromagnetic radiation and distance from a source is an example of the inverse square law: I∝ 1 d2 Theory 3.4 Prac 11 • Outline how the modulation of amplitude or frequency of visible light, microwaves and/or radio waves can be used to transmit information investigation and gather information to model the inverse square law for light intensity and distance 16/07/2008 RL, CH Physics Program DRAFT from the source • Outline how the modulation of amplitude or frequency of visible light, microwaves and/or radio waves can be used to transmit information Discuss problems produced by the limited range of the electromagnetic spectrum available for communication purposes Analyse information to identify the electromagnetic spectrum range utilised in modern communication technologies Theory 3.5 Theory 3.6 • Prac 12 • Focus Point 4 Many communication technologies use applications of reflection and refraction of electromagnetic waves • Describe and apply the law of reflection and explain the effect of reflection from a plane surface on waves Describe ways in which applications of reflection of light, radio waves and microwaves have assisted in information transfer Perform first-hand investigations and gather information to observe the path of light rays and construct diagrams indicating both the direction of travel of the light rays and a wave front Describe ways in which applications of reflection of light, radio waves and microwaves have assisted in information transfer Describe one application of reflection for each of the following: o Plane surfaces o Concave surfaces o Convex surfaces o Radio waves being reflected by the ionosphere Theory 4.1 Theory 4.2 • • Prac 13 Theory 4.3 • • Theory 4.4 Prac 14 • Present information using ray diagrams to show the RL, CH 16/07/2008 Physics Program DRAFT path of waves reflected from: o Plane surfaces o Concave surfaces o Convex surface o The ionosphere • Explain that refraction is related to the velocities of a wave in different media and outline how this may result in the bending of a wavefront Define refractive index in terms of changes in the velocity of a wave in passing from one medium to another Perform an investigation and gather information to graph the angle of incidence and refraction for light encountering a medium change showing the relationship between these angles Define Snell’s Law: Theory 4.5 Theory 4.6 • • Prac 15 • Theory 4.7 v1 sini = v2 sinr • Perform a first-hand investigation and gather information to calculate the refractive index of glass or perspex Identify the conditions necessary for total internal reflection with reference to the critical angle Solve problems and analyse information using Snell’s Law Outline how total internal reflection is used in optical fibres Prac 16 Theory 4.8 • • • Prac 17 Theory 4.9 Focus Point 5 Electromagnetic waves have potential for future communication technologies and data storage technologies • Identify types of communication data that are stored or transmitted in digital form Theory 5.1 RL, CH 16/07/2008 Physics Program DRAFT • Prac 18 Identify data sources, gather, process and present information from secondary sources to identify areas of current research and use the available evidence to discuss some of the underlying physical principles used in one application of physics related to waves, such as: o Global Positioning System o CD technology o The internet (digital process) o DVD technology RL, CH 16/07/2008 Physics Program DRAFT World Communicates – Notes Preliminary Topic 2 .............................................................................................................................. 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